Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 12

Assembly Language programming : 8086 Assembler Tutorial (Part 12)

Controlling External Devices


There are 3 devices attached to the emulator: Traffic Lights, Stepper-Motor and Robot. You can view devices using "Virtual Devices" menu of the emulator.

For technical information see I/O ports section of Emu8086 reference.

In general, it is possible to use any x86 family CPU to control all kind of devices, the difference maybe in base I/O port number, this can be altered using some tricky electronic equipment. Usually the ".bin" file is written into the Read Only Memory (ROM) chip, the system reads program from that chip, loads it in RAM module and runs the program. This principle is used for many modern devices such as micro-wave ovens and etc...

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Traffic Lights



Usually to control the traffic lights an array (table) of values is used. In certain periods of time the value is read from the array and sent to a port. For example:

; directive to create BIN file: #MAKE_BIN# #CS=500# #DS=500# #SS=500# #SP=FFFF# #IP=0# ; skip the data table: JMP start table DW 100001100001b DW 110011110011b DW 001100001100b DW 011110011110b start: MOV SI, 0 ; set loop counter to number ; of elements in table: MOV CX, 4 next_value: ; get value from table: MOV AX, table[SI] ; set value to I/O port ; of traffic lights: OUT 4, AX ; next word: ADD SI, 2 CALL PAUSE LOOP next_value ; start from over from ; the first value JMP start ; ========================== PAUSE PROC ; store registers: PUSH CX PUSH DX PUSH AX ; set interval (1 million ; microseconds - 1 second): MOV CX, 0Fh MOV DX, 4240h MOV AH, 86h INT 15h ; restore registers: POP AX POP DX POP CX RET PAUSE ENDP ; ==========================

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Stepper-Motor



The motor can be half stepped by turning on pair of magnets, followed by a single and so on.

The motor can be full stepped by turning on pair of magnets, followed by another pair of magnets and in the end followed by a single magnet and so on. The best way to make full step is to make two half steps.

Half step is equal to 11.25 degrees.
Full step is equal to 22.5 degrees.

The motor can be turned both clock-wise and counter-clock-wise.

See stepper_motor.asm in Samples folder.

See also I/O ports section of Emu8086 reference.

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Robot



Complete list of robot instruction set is given in I/O ports section of Emu8086 reference.

To control the robot a complex algorithm should be used to achieve maximum efficiency. The simplest, yet very inefficient, is random moving algorithm, see robot.asm in Samples folder.

It is also possible to use a data table (just like for Traffic Lights), this can be good if robot always works in the same surroundings.

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Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 12

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 11

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Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 9

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 8

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 7

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 6

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 5

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 4

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 3

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 2

Assembly Language : 8086 Assembler Tutorial Part 1

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Assembly Language programming : Emu8086 Assembler Compiling and MASM / TASM compatibility

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Assembly Language - Complete Instruction Set and Instruction Timing of 8086 microprocessors

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Assembly Language Programming : Emu8086 Overview, Using Emulator, Virtual Drives

Assembly Language Programming : All about Memory - Global Memory Table and Custom Memory Map

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