Assembly Language - Complete Instruction Set and Instruction Timing of 8086 microprocessors

Assembly Instruction for 8086

This is for Assembly programming language , the complete set of instructions of the 8086 has been listed in the table below, with their mnemonic and function.
Instruction Set of 8086 source:

APPENDIX C. INSTRUCTION SET AND INSTRUCTION TIMING OF 8086

The X86 Microprocessors: Architecture and Programming (8086 to Pentium)

For knowing the details (format and examples) of each of the instruction, the section in the text book, where they are discussed is given in the third column of the table.

Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
MOV	Move byte or word to register or memory	3.2.1	3.1
IN, OUT	Input byte or word from port, output word to port	5.2	3.1
LEA	Load effective address	3.2.2	3.1
LDS, LES	Load pointer using data segment, extra segment	—	3.1
PUSH, POP	Push word onto stack, pop word off stack	3.2.4	3.1
XCHG	Exchange byte or word	—	3.1
XLAT	Translate byte using look-up table	3.2.3	3.1

2. Logical Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   NOT	Logical NOT of byte or word (one's complement)	—	3.7
   AND	Logical AND of byte or word	—	3.7
   OR	Logical OR of byte or word	—	3.7
   XOR	Logical exclusive – OR of byte or word	—	3.7
   TEST	Test byte or word (AND without storing)	—	3.7

   
   

   Shift and Rotate Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   SHL, SHR	Logical shift left, right byte or word by 1 or CL	3.6.1	3.8
   SAL, SAR	Arithmetic shift left, right byte or word by 1 or CL	4.7.3	3.8
   ROL, ROR	Rotate left, right, byte or word by 1 or CL	3.6.2	3.8
   RCL, RCR	Rotate left, right, through carry, byte or word by 1 or CL	3.6.2	3.8

   
   

   Arithmetic Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   ADD	Add byte or word	3.4.2	3.4
   SUB	Subtract byte or word	3.4.3	3.4
   ADC	Add byte or word and carry	3.4.2	3.4
   SBB	Subtract byte or word and carry (borrow)	3.4.3	3.4
   INC	Increment byte or word	3.4.2	3.4
   DEC	Decrement byte or word	3.4.3	3.4
   NEG	Negate byte or word (two's complement)	—	3.4
   CMP	Compare byte or word (subtract without storing)	3.4.4	3.4
   MUL	Multiply byte or word (unsigned)	3.4.5	3.4
   DIV	Divide byte or word (unsigned)	3.4.6	3.4
   IMUL	Integer multiply byte or word (signed)	4.7.2	3.4
   IDIV	Integer divide byte or word (signed)	4.7.2	3.4
   CBW, CWD	Convert byte to word, word to double word	4.7	3.4
   AAA	ASCII adjust for addition	4.5.1	3.4
   AAS	ASCII adjust for subtraction	4.5.2	3.4
   AAM	ASCII adjust for multiplication	4.5.3	3.4
   AAD	ASCII adjust for division	4.5.3	3.4
   DAA, DAS	Decimal adjust for addition, subtraction (binary coded decimal numbers)	4.4.2	3.4

   
   

   Jump and Loop Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   JMP	Unconditional jump	3.3.1 and 3.3.2	—
   JA (JNBE)	Jump if above (not below or equal)	—	3.3
   JAE (JNB)	Jump if above or equal (not below)	—	3.3
   JB (JNAE)	Jump if below (not above or equal)	—	3.3
   JBE (JNA)	Jump if below or equal (not above)	—	3.3
   JE (JZ)	Jump if equal (zero)	—	3.3
   JG (JNLE)	Jump if greater (not less or equal)	—	4.2
   JGE (JNL)	Jump if greater or equal (not less)	—	4.2
   JL (JNGE)	Jump if less (not greater nor equal)	—	4.2
   JLE (JNG)	Jump if less or equal (not greater)	—	4.2
   JC, JNC	Jump if carry set, carry not set	—	3.3
   JO, JNO	Jump if overflow, no overflow	—	4.2
   JS, JNS	Jump if sign, no sign	—	4.2
   JNP (JPO)	Jump if no parity (parity odd)	—	3.3
   JP (JPE)	Jump if parity (parity even)	—	3.3
   LOOP	Loop unconditional, count in CX	3.3.3	—
   LOOPE (LOOPZ)	Loop if equal (zero), count in CX	3.3.3	—
   LOOPNE (LOOPNZ)	Loop if not equal (not zero), count in CX	3.3.3	—
   JCXZ	Jump if CX equals zero	—	3.3

   
   

   Call and Return Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   CALL, RET	Call, return from procedure	4.2.2 and 4.2.3	—
   INT, INTO	Software interrupt, interrupt if overflow	8.3 and 8.2.5	—
   IRET	Return from interrupt	8.1.1	—

   
   

   String Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   MOVS	Move byte or word string	4.1.1	4.1
   CMPS	Compare byte or word string	4.1.2	4.1
   SCAS	Scan byte or word string	4.1.3	4.1
   LODS, STOS	Load, store byte or word string	4.1.4	4.1
   REP	Repeat	—	4.1
   REPE, REPZ	Repeat while equal, zero	—	4.1
   REPNE, REPNZ	Repeat while not equal (not zero)	—	4.1

   
   

   Processor and Flag Control Instructions

   Mnemonic	Function	Section	Table
   STC, CLC, CMC	Set, clear, complement carry flag	3.4.1	—
   STD, CLD	Set, clear direction flag	—	4.1
   STI, CLI	Set, clear interrupt enable flag	—	—
   LAHF, SAHF	Load AH from flags, store AH into flags	—	3.1
   PUSHF, POPF	Push flags onto stack, pop flags off stack	—	3.1
   ESC	Escape to external processor interface	13.2.1	—
   LOCK	Lock bus during next instruction	6.4.4	—
   NOP	No operation (do nothing)	6.5.1	—
   WAIT	Wait for signal on TEST input	13.2.1	—
   HLT	Halt processor	6.3.5	—
3. Instruction Timing of 8086

   1. Number of cycles expended in calculating the 'Effective Address'

      No.	Addressing mode	No. of clocks for calculation of EA
      1	Direct	6
      2	Register indirect	5
      3	Register relative	9
      4	Based indexed with BP as the base register	8
      5	Based indexed with BX as the base register	7
      6	Relative based indexed with BP as the base register	12
      7	Relative based indexed with BX as the base register	11
   2. Number of clock cycles expended for each instruction of 8086

      Code	Description	8086
      AAA	ASCII adjust for addition	8
      AAD	ASCII adjust for division	60
      AAM	ASCII adjust for multiplication	83
      AAS	ASCII adjust for subtraction	8
      ADC	Add with carry
      	reg to reg	3
      	mem to reg	9+EA
      	reg to mem	16+EA
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	17+EA
      	immed to acc	4
      ADD	Addition
      	reg to reg	3
      	mem to reg	9+EA
      	reg to mem	16+EA
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	17+EA
      	immed to acc	4
      AND	Logical AND
      	reg to reg	3
      	mem to reg	9+EA
      	reg to mem	16+EA
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	17+EA
      	immed to acc	4
      CALL	Call a procedure
      	intrasegment direct	19
      	intrasegment direct
      	through register	16
      	intrasegment direct
      	through memory	21+EA
      	intrasegment direct	28
      CBW	Convert byte to word	2
      CLC	Clear carry flag	2
      CLD	Clear direction flag	2
      CLI	Clear interrupt flag	2
      CMC	Complement carry flag	2
      CMP	Compare
      	reg to reg	3
      	mem to mem	9+EA
      	reg to mem	9+EA
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	10+EA
      	immed to acc	4
      CMPS/	Compare string/
      CMPSB/	Compare byte string/
      CMPSW	Compare word string
      	Not repeated	22
      	REPE/REPNE CMPS/CMPSB/CMPSW	9+22/rep
      CWD	Convert word to doubleword	5
      DAA	Decimal adjust for addition	4
      DAS	Decimal adjust for subtraction	4
      DEC	Decrement by 1
      	16-bit reg	3
      	8-bit reg	3
      	memory	15+EA
      DIV	Unsigned division
      	8-bit reg	80–90
      	16-bit reg	144–162
      	8-bit mem	(86–96)+EA
      	16-bit mem	(150–168)+EA
      ESC	Escape
      	reg	2
      	mem	8+EA
      HLT	Halt	2
      IDIV	Integer division
      	8-bit reg	101–112
      	16-bit reg	165–184
      	8-bit mem	(107–118)+EA
      	16-bit mem	(171–190)+EA
      IMUL	Integer multiplication
      	8-bit reg	80–98
      	16-bit reg	128–154
      	8-bit mem	(86–104)+EA
      	16-bit mem	(134–160)+EA
      IN	Input from I /O port
      	Fixed port	10
      	Variable port through DX	8
      INC	Increment by 1
      	16-bit reg	3
      	8-bit reg	3
      	mem	15+EA
      INT	Interrupt
      	type=3	52
      	type3	51
      INTO	Interrupt if overflow
      	interrupt taken	53
      	interrupt not taken	4
      IRET	Return from interrupt	32
      JA /	Jump if above /	16, noj 4
      JNBE	Jump if not below or equal
      JAE /	Jump if above or equal	16, noj 4
      JNB	Jump if not below/
      JNA	Jump if not above
      JCXZ	Jump if CX is Zero	18, noj 6
      JE/	Jump if equal /	16, noj 4
      JZ	Jump if Zero
      JG/	Jump if greater	16, noj 4
      JNLE	Jump if not less, or equal
      JGE/	Jump if greater or equal /	16, noj 4
      JNL	Jump if not less
      JL /	Jump if less/	16, noj 4
      JNGE	Jump if not greater, or equal
      JLE/	Jump if less or equal /	16, noj 4
      JNG	Jump if not greater
      JMP	Jump
      	intrasegment direct short	15
      	intrasegment direct	15
      	intersegment direct	15
      	intrasegment indirect
      	through memory	18+EA
      	intrasegment indirect
      	through register	11
      	intrasegment indirect	24+EA
      JNE/	Jump if not equal /	16, noj 4
      JNZ	Jump if not Zero
      JNO	Jump if not overflow	16, noj 4
      JNP/	Jump if not parity/	16, noj 4
      JPO	Jump if parity odd
      JNS	Jump if not sign	16, noj 4
      JO	Jump if overflow	16, noj 4
      JP/	Jump if parity/	16, noj 4
      JPE	Jump if parity even
      JS	Jump if sign	16, noj 4
      LAHF	Load AH from flags	4
      LDS	Load pointer using DS/
      LES	Load pointer using ES	16+EA
      LEA	Load effective address	2+EA
      LOCK	Lock bus	2
      LODS/	Load string/
      LODSB	Load byte string
      LODSW	Load word string
      	not repeated	12
      	repeated	9+13/rep
      LOOP	Loop	17, noj 5
      LOOPE/	Loop if equal /
      LOOPZ	Loop if zero	18, noj 6
      LOOPNE /	Loop if not equal /
      LOOPNZ	Loop if not zero	19, noj 5
      MOV	Move
      	acc to mem	10
      	mem to acc	10
      	reg to reg	2
      	mem to reg	8+EA
      	reg to mem	9+EA
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	10+EA
      	reg to SS/DS/ES	2
      	mem to SS /DS /ES	8+EA
      	segment reg to reg	2
      	segment reg to mem	9+EA
      MOVS/	Move string /
      MOVSB/	Move byte string/
      MOVSW	Move word string
      	Not repeated	18
      	REP MOVS/MOVSB/MOVSW	9+17/rep
      MUL	Unsigned multiplication
      	8-bit reg	70–77
      	16-bit reg	118–133
      	8-bit mem	(76–83)+EA
      	16-bit mem	(124–139)+EA
      NEG	Negate
      	reg	3
      	mem	16+EA
      NOP	No operation	3
      NOT	Logical NOT
      	reg	3
      	mem	16+EA
      OR	Logical OR
      	reg to reg	3
      	mem to reg	9+EA
      	reg to mem	16+EA
      	immed to acc	4
      	immed to reg	4
      	immed to mem	17+EA
      OUT	Output to I /O port
      	fixed port	10
      	varible port	8
      POP	Pop word off stack
      	reg	8
      	segment reg	8
      	memory	17+EA
      POPF	Pop flags off stack	8
      PUSH	Push word onto stack
      	reg	11
      	segment reg:ES/SS/CS	10
      	memory	16+EA
      PUSHD	Push double flag onto stack	10
      RCL	Rotate left through carry /
      	Rotate right through carry /
      	reg with single-shift	2
      	reg with variable-shift	8+4 / bit
      	mem with single-shift	15+EA
      	mem with variable-shift	20+EA+4 / bnit
      RET	Return from procedure /
      RETF	Return far /
      RETN	Return near
      	intrasegment	16
      	intrasegment with constant	20
      	intrasegment	26
      	intrasegment with constant	25
      ROL/	Rotate left
      ROR	Rotate right
      	reg with single-shift	2
      	reg with variable-shift	8+4 / bit
      	mem with single-shift	15+EA
      	mem with variable-shift	20+EA+4 /bit
      SAHF	Store AH into flags	4
      SAL/	Shift arithmetic left /
      SAR /	Shift arithmetic right /
      SHL/	Shift logical left /
      SHR	Shift logical right
      	reg with single-shift	2
      	reg with variable-shift	8+4/ bit
      	mem with single-shift	15+EA
      	mem with variable shift	20+EA+4 / bit
      SBB	Subtract with borrow
      	reg from reg	3
      	mem from reg	9+EA
      	reg from mem	16+EA
      	immed from acc	4
      	immed from reg	4
      	immed from mem	17+EA
      SCAS/	Scan string /
      SCASB	Scan byte string
      SCASW	Scan word string
      	not repeated	15
      	REPE /REPNE SCAS /SCASB /SCASW	9+15/rep
      STC	Set carry flag	2
      STD	Set direction flag	2
      STI	Set interrupt flag	2
      STOS/	Store string /
      STOSB/	Store byte string /
      STOSW	Store word string
      	Not repeated	11
      	REP STOS/STOSB/STOSW	9+10/rep
      STR	Store task register
      SUB	Subtraction
      	reg from reg	3
      	mem from reg	9+EA
      	reg from mem	16+EA
      	immed from acc	4
      	immed from reg	4
      	immed from mem	17+EA
      TEST	Test
      	reg with reg	3
      	mem with reg	9+EA
      	immed with acc	4
      	immed with reg	5
      	immed with mem	11+EA
      WAIT	Wait while TEST pin
      	not asserted	4
      XADD	Exchange and add
      XCHG	Exchange
      	reg with acc	3
      	reg with mem	17+EA
      	reg with reg	4
      XLAT/	Translate	11
      XOR	Logical exclusive OR
      	reg with reg	3
      	mem with reg	9+EA
      	reg with mem	16+EA
      	immed with acc	4
      	immed with reg	4
      	immed with mem	17+EA

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